Advances in Aeroacoustics Modelling and Noise Mitigation Strategies for Axial Fans: From High-Fidelity CFD to Multi Objective Optimization

Authors

  • Muhammad Haris Malik Department of Fluid Machinery and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
  • Muhammad Faisal Department of Fluid Machinery and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China
  • Zaryab Basharat MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China
  • Fazal E Wadood School of Engineering and the Environment, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
  • Muhammad Usman Amjad Research Center for Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Xian Jiaotong University, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70112/arme-2026.15.1.4333

Keywords:

Aeroacoustics Noise Mitigation, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Large Eddy Simulation (LES), Bio-Inspired Blade Design , Acoustic Metamaterials

Abstract

Advancements in aeroacoustics research have significantly improved noise mitigation and aerodynamic efficiency in axial fans and propulsion systems, driven by the integration of innovative computational, experimental, and material design techniques. This review consolidates findings from 32 high-impact studies, providing a comprehensive exploration of state-of-the-art methodologies and their applications in the development of next-generation quiet and efficient aerodynamic systems. The report highlights the pivotal role of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in capturing complex flow interactions and noise-generation mechanisms. Techniques such as Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) have enabled high-fidelity modelling of turbulence, tip-leakage flows, and rotor–stator interactions. These computational advancements have been validated through rigorous experimental methods, including wind-tunnel testing, acoustic mode decomposition, and anechoic-chamber measurements, ensuring the accuracy of predictive models. Innovative noise-reduction strategies have emerged, ranging from bio-inspired blade designs to advanced material applications such as porous casings and acoustic metamaterials. Serrated trailing edges, sinusoidal-shaped inlet ducts, and uneven blade spacing have demonstrated substantial tonal and broadband noise reductions while maintaining aerodynamic performance. Multi-objective optimization frameworks, leveraging machine-learning algorithms, have facilitated the design of efficient and compact systems for urban mobility and industrial applications. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in balancing noise mitigation with aerodynamic efficiency, scaling experimental techniques, and addressing the computational demands of high-fidelity simulations. The integration of hybrid methods and advanced materials presents a promising pathway for overcoming these barriers.

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Published

07-04-2026

How to Cite

Malik, M. H., Muhammad Faisal, Zaryab Basharat, Fazal E Wadood, & Muhammad Usman Amjad. (2026). Advances in Aeroacoustics Modelling and Noise Mitigation Strategies for Axial Fans: From High-Fidelity CFD to Multi Objective Optimization . Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, 15(1), 26–40. https://doi.org/10.70112/arme-2026.15.1.4333

Issue

Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): January-June 2026

Section

Review Article

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